18F Design Methods

18F Design Methods were developed by the U.S. government's digital services team to transform how government serves citizens. These proven human-centered practices—now maintained by the open-source community—helped modernize critical services used by millions of Americans. Pragmatic and battle-tested in complex bureaucratic environments, these methods are ideal for teams navigating constraints while still delivering user-centered solutions. 18F was shut down in 2025 by DOGE.

My friend, Dug, has archived it here.

Exercises

Core activities to drive collaboration and results.

18F - Archetypes

2 hours

Archetypes are user representations based on research. They synthesize qualitative data into actionable profiles. Unlike assumption-based personas, ar...

18F - Coding Qualitative Data

1.5 hours

Coding qualitative data helps teams find patterns in research. This 90-minute exercise moves teams from raw data to structured insights. Participants ...

18F - Cognitive Walkthrough

1 hour

Cognitive Walkthrough is a usability evaluation method. Evaluators step through tasks as a user would. It focuses on the actions users take to accompl...

18F - Comparative Analysis

3 hours

Comparative Analysis systematically reviews existing products, services, or experiences that address similar user needs. This exercise analyzes user e...

18F - Content Audit

4 hours

A Content Audit is a thorough inventory and analysis of all content users encounter on a website or within a product. This exercise catalogs pages, do...

18F - Content Highlighter Testing

1 hour

Content Highlighter Testing is a fast usability method. Users highlight text, marking clear parts in one color and confusing parts in another. This ex...

18F - Design Hypothesis

1 hour

Turn your work into a testable hypothesis. This focuses effort on achieving specific goals. It shifts thinking from just building to ensuring impact.

18F - Design Pattern Library

8 hours

A Design Pattern Library is a collection of reusable UI components. It's the foundation of a design system. This exercise helps teams identify pattern...

18F - Design Studio

1.5 hours

This exercise, from 18F, gets everyone designing together, regardless of role or drawing skills. It turns abstract ideas into visuals teams can discus...

18F - Dot Voting

30.0 mins

Dot voting is a fast way to make decisions democratically. It cuts through endless debate. People vote with dots to show what matters most. This revea...

18F - Heuristic Evaluation

2 hours

Heuristic Evaluation finds usability issues fast. Experts review an interface against usability principles. Teams use Nielsen's heuristics or custom c...

18F - Hopes And Fears

30.0 mins

Hopes and Fears surfaces team expectations and concerns. Use it at project kickoff or during major transitions. Participants write down their hopes (d...

18F - Interface Audit

3 hours

An Interface Audit is a systematic review of a digital product's visual and interactive elements. This 180-minute exercise catalogs styles, colors, ic...

18F - KJ Method

1.5 hours

Participants list individual priorities on cards, then organize and prioritize them as a group through voting. This exercise helps find consensus, esp...

18F - Lean Coffee

1 hour

Lean Coffee is a meeting format that democratizes discussion. Participants write topics, vote to prioritize, and discuss in timeboxes. This ensures me...

18F - Mental Modeling

1.5 hours

Mental modeling visually represents how users think about a domain or system. This 90-minute exercise maps user knowledge against designs to find gaps...

18F - Multivariate Testing

3 hours

Multivariate testing helps you discover the most effective combination of page elements. Unlike A/B testing, which focuses on single-element variation...

18F - Prototyping

4 hours

Prototyping makes ideas tangible. Test these representations with users before development. This 240-minute exercise covers prototype fidelity, from p...

18F - Stakeholder And User Interviews

1 hour

Stakeholder and user interviews are semi-structured conversations. Talk to people with direct knowledge of your project. Unlike surveys, interviews al...

18F - Stakeholder Influence Mapping

45.0 mins

Stakeholder Influence Mapping visually represents people affecting your project's success. It positions them by power and interest. This 45-minute exe...

18F - Usability Testing

2 hours

Observe users interacting with a product or service, asking them to verbalize their thoughts aloud. This reveals friction points and unexpected uses.

18F - Visual Preference Testing

1.5 hours

Style Tiles help you get feedback on a solution's visual direction. It's a great way to validate designs with real users.

18F - Wireframing

3 hours

Wireframing translates strategy into interface blueprints. In this 180-minute exercise, teams focus on structure and user flow, avoiding visual design...

18F-Design Principles

2 hours

Design principles guide product development decisions. In this 2-hour exercise, teams create memorable, actionable statements like "Earn people's trus...

18F-Five Whys

45.0 mins

The "Five Whys" exercise identifies the real causes of problems, not just the surface symptoms. By repeatedly asking "Why?" (at least five times), tea...

18F-Journey Mapping

4 hours

Journey mapping visualizes a user's end-to-end experience with a product or service. It captures actions, thoughts, emotions, and pain points across a...